Weight management is a concern for many people, and various diet plans have been promoted over the years. One such approach is the HCG diet, which combines a very low-calorie diet with supplementation of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). This article examines what HCG is, the history of its use in dieting, and what current evidence says — so you can make informed decisions with your healthcare provider.

What is HCG?

Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) is a hormone that plays an essential role in pregnancy. It is produced by the placenta after implantation and helps maintain the corpus luteum, which supports progesterone production in early pregnancy.

Outside of pregnancy, elevated levels of HCG can be linked to certain medical conditions, and HCG is sometimes used in specific medical treatments under healthcare supervision.

How the HCG Diet Developed

The HCG diet was first described in the 1950s by Dr. Albert Simeons, who suggested that small doses of HCG combined with a very low-calorie diet — typically around 500 calories per day — could promote fat loss while preserving muscle mass. Early reports claimed benefits, but subsequent clinical studies in the 1960s and beyond found no significant difference in weight loss between participants taking HCG and those following the same diet without it.

Scientific Perspective

Most scientific reviews conclude that weight loss seen in people on the HCG diet is due to the severe calorie restriction rather than any unique effect of HCG. Very low-calorie diets can result in weight loss, but they also carry health risks if not closely supervised by a qualified healthcare professional.

Common Structure of the HCG Diet

Descriptions of the HCG diet often outline “phases,” which may include:

• Loading phase – Eating a higher-calorie diet for a short period before starting calorie restriction.
• Calorie-restricted phase – Typically limiting intake to around 500 calories per day for several weeks.
• Stabilization and maintenance phases – Gradually increasing calorie intake while monitoring weight.

These phases can vary depending on the source, and the diet often excludes many common food groups. Because of its restrictive nature, professional guidance is essential before starting any similar plan.

Potential Risks and Safety Concerns

Reported risks associated with the HCG diet — particularly the very low-calorie component — may include:

• Nutrient deficiencies
• Fatigue and weakness
• Loss of muscle mass
• Gallstone formation due to rapid weight loss
• Hormonal imbalances
• Electrolyte disturbances

Some regulatory authorities, including the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, have stated that HCG is not approved for weight loss, and product labels must reflect this position. In Canada, prescription HCG can only be accessed through a licensed healthcare provider for approved uses.

Considering Alternatives

For those seeking weight management strategies, health professionals often recommend approaches that include balanced nutrition, regular physical activity, and sustainable lifestyle changes. Evidence-based programs supervised by qualified practitioners can provide safer, more gradual, and longer-lasting results.

Key Takeaways

• The HCG diet combines a very low-calorie diet with HCG supplementation, but most scientific studies have not found HCG itself to enhance weight loss.
• Significant calorie restriction can cause health risks and should only be attempted under medical supervision.
• Always consult a licensed healthcare provider before starting any weight loss program, particularly those involving prescription hormones.
• Long-term weight management is best supported by sustainable, balanced lifestyle habits.